Kuungana analysed energy-related barriers and bottlenecks to economic growth in countries where DFID was considering developing a new cities program. This included leading the energy sector analysis in Ghana and acting as sector oversight (essentially a review role) across Nepal and Sierra Leone, where analysis was being performed by other consultants. This role also involved integrating the Whole System Approach to the analysis, an analytical framework for identifying donor priorities in the energy sector, which Kuungana led the development of.