Kuungana authored a discussion paper for Tearfund exploring the role of energy subsidies in accelerating progress on energy access. The paper evaluated a wide range of subsidy schemes deployed across a wide range of geographies and a wide range of technologies, covering on-grid, off-grid, and clean cooking solutions. The paper drew on schemes that have been successfully deployed in an-grid environment to explore how these examples could be deployed in today’s context where a wider range of technologies, including off-grid solar systems, are available.